Email this article THE EFFECTS OF ERROR TREATMENT ON INTERLANGUAGE: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIAN LEARNERS LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Endang Fauziati(1*)(1) Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of a short-term error treatment (ET) on IL
errors, with specific attention to the learners’ ungrammatical items. The problem
states “what are the effects of a ET on the learners’ ungrammatical items?”, Are
their ungrammatical items fossilized (in a sense that they are static in nature) or
dynamic after the learners have been exposed to the ET. The data were the learners’ free compositions collected four times: prior and after the ET and two months afterwards. They were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The result indicates that the ET changed the state of the learners’ ungrammatical items. They
became so dynamic. At a certain period, some appeared; then due to the ET, some were destabilized, some were fluctuating, and others were still stabilized. New errors appeared as they started learning to use new grammatical items. The conclusion drawn from this study is that ET can change the state of the learners’ IL
errors; ET contributes to the destabilization process. Errors may persist momentarily but they can be destabilized. The ET still works on the learners who are at their post puberty. Thus, there is a great possibility for the learners to acquire complete TL grammar since their ungrammatical items are dynamic.
Key words: error treatment, interlanguage, fossilized, stabilization.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adjemian, C. 1976. “On the Nature of Interlanguage System.” Language Learning. 26: 297—320.
Beebe, Leslie M. (Ed.) 1990. Issues in Second Language Acquisition: Multiple Perspectives. London: Newbury House.
Bialystok, Ellen 1984. “Strategies in Interlanguage Learning and Performance.” In Davies A; C. Criper and A.P.R. Howatt. (Eds.) Interlanguage. Edinburgh: E.U.P. 1984. 37—49.
Bialystok, E. and Miller. B. 1999. “The Problem of Age in Second language Acquisition: Influences from Language, Structure, and Task”. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 2/2: 127—45.
Bley-Vroman, Robert. 1990. “What is the Logical Problem of Foreign Language Learning.” In Gass, Susan and Schachter. 1990. Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: C.U.P. 41—67.
Corder, S. P. 1982. Error Analysis and Interlanguage. London: Oxford University Press.
Corder, S. P. 1992. “ A Role for Mother Tongue” In S. Gass and L. Selinker (Eds.) Language Transfer in Language Learning (18—31). Amsterdam: John Benjamin.
Dickerson, Lonna. 1975. “The learner’s Interlanguage as a System of Variable Rules”. TESOL Quarterly. 9/4: 401—407.
Dulay, Burt, and Krashen. 1989. Language Two. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Grauberg, W. 1971. “An Error Analysis in German of First- Year University Students.” In G. Parren and J. Trim (Eds.) 1971: 257—263.
Han, Zhaohong. 2004. Fossilization in Adult Second Language Acquisition. Toronto: Multilingual Matters.
James, Carl. 1998. Errors in Language Learning and Use: Exploring Error Analysis. London: Longman.
Johnson, J.S. and Newport, E.L. 1989. “Critical Period Effects in Second Language Learning: The Influence of Maturational State on the Acquisition of English as a Second Language. Cognitive Psychology 21, 60-99.
Lenneberg, E.H. 1976. Biological Foundations of Language. New York: Wiley.
Krashen, S.D. 1985. The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. London: Longman.
LoCoco, V. 1975. “An Analysis of Spanish and German Learners” Working Papers in Bilingualism. 7: 96—124.
Mukattash, Lewis. 1987. “Persistence of Fossilization”. IRAL, 24/3: 187—203.
Muranoi, Hitoshi. 2000. “Focus on Form through Interaction Enhancement: Integrating Formal Instruction into a Communicative Task in EFL Classrooms.” Language Learning, 50/4: 617—83.
Saville-Troike, Muriel. 2006. Introducing Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: C.U.P.
Schachter, Jacquelyn. 1998. “Resent Research in Language in Language Learning Studies: Promise and Problems. Language Learning, 28/4: 557—583.
Scovel, T. 1998. “A Critical Review of the Critical Period Research”. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 13/1: 1—18.
Selinker, Larry. 1997. Rediscovering Interlanguage. London: Longman.
Sorace, A. 1993. “Incomplete vs. Divergent Representations of Unaccusativity in Non-native
Grammars of Italian. Second language Research. 9/1:22—27.
Spada, Nina. And Lightbown, P. 1999. “Instruction, L1 Influence and Developmental Readiness in Second Language acquisition. Modern Language Journal, 83: 1—22.
Steinberg, Danny D. 1998. An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London: Longman.
Tarone, Elaine. 1983. “Some Thoughts of the Notion of Communication Strategy.” In Clause Faerch and Gabriele Kasper (Eds.) 1983: 61—74.
Thep-Ackrapong, T. 1990. Fossilization: A Case Study of Practical and Theoretical Parameters (Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Illinois State University) in Han, ZhaoHong.
Fossilization in Adult Second Language Acquisition. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Towell, Richard and Roger Hawkins. 1994. Approaches to Second Language Acquisition. Adelaide: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
White, Lidya. and Genesee, F. 1996. “How Native is Near native? The Issue of Ultimate Attainment in Adult Second Language Acquisition. Second Language Research. 12: 233—65.
Yip, Virginia. 1995. Interlanguage and Learnability from Chinese to English. Amsterdam: John Benjamin B.V.
Article Metrics
Abstract view(s): 307 time(s)PDF: 174 time(s)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
