HALāL LABEL ON FOOD PRODUCTS BY MUI (INDONESIAN ULAMA COUNCIL) AND STUDENTS PURCHASING DECISION OF FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC UNIVERSITAS

The boundary betw een halāl and harām in human life is explained clearly by Quran and Sunnah as a form of Allah guardianship. MUI established LPOM as an institution to issue halāl certificates on food products. Food products that have been certified will be labeled by MUI logo. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta instills religious values to students and expects them to choose food products with consideration to halāl and harām aspects. This study aims to find out how much understanding of Faculty of Economics & Business Students on halāl food products and how much the influence of MUI Labelization on their decision purchase. The research used field research method and qualitative data. This study showed that 69.3% of students sample who generally have understood halāl products and halāl label of MUI have a major influence in determining their purchasing to select halāl products. Faculty of Economiccs & Business students who have very good understanding on Halāl Products in most cases reached 81.63% of total population.


INTRODUCTION
The boundary between halāl and harām in human life is explained clearly by the Quran and Sunnah as a guidance form of Allah. This is to keep them from things that are forbidden in the Shari'a. Therefore, Allah will not justify anything except good and will not forbid anything but the ugly ones (Qardhawi 2000).
Consuming halāl products, especially halāl food is a requirement established in Islamic Shari'ah as affirmed in Quran. On that basis, Muslims are in line with the teachings of Islam, requires that products to be consumed are guaranteed halāl and purity.
Beside that, producers are required to produce halāl products that will be consumed by the Indonesian people who mostly embraced Islam (Tim Penyusun MUI 2015).
There is a special institution in Indonesia that authorize selecting and auditing food products consumed by Muslims to ensure halāl aspectcs. This institution is called the Institute of
This institution is an agency that oversees the food circulation in the community and sspecifically has the authority to provide Halāl Certification on packaging products. Halāl Certification is a written fatwa of the Indonesian Ulama Council which states the halālness of a product in accordance with Islamic law (Departemen Agama RI 2003b).
Halāl Certificate of MUI is a requirement to get permission of halāl label inclusion on packaging product from Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Suryati 2001). Manufacturers who have registered their food products to this institution and pass the halāl test are allowed to wear halāl label in the packaging product. This means that the process and substances contained in the food has been spared from things that are prohibited by the Shari'a, so it can be consumed properly by Muslims. If there is a packaging product that has not been labeled halāl, it is automatically doubtful halāl and Muslims can be careful in deciding to buy the product. This research has several objectives and benefits as the following: 1. To find out how much understanding of Economics & Business Students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta on halāl food products.

LITERATURE REVIEw
This research has collected and reviewed some of the previous research outcomes relating to the discussed themes. Yayuk (2013) stated that there is a positive and significant influence between the halāl label on the purchase decision Mie sedaap proved true.
From the results of the research, it is found that Halāl Label Variables (VLH) have a positive and significant influence on People Purchasing Decision with degree of trust of 95%.

METHODS
This study used field research and obtain qualitative data.
Qualitative data is data as a research procedure that produces descriptions or images that can be written or spoken words from people or perpetrators that can be observed (Prasetyo 2005 The population can be defined as whole individual data which become the source of sampling (Mardalis 1989). Sampling is part of the population to be studied. Therefore, the sample should be seen as an estimate of the population and not the population itself. Another understanding to define the sample is part of the population that has the same properties of the object from the data source. Looking at the various opinions above it can be concluded that the sample includes any good subject or object that allegedly has the same nature of the population. Regarding to this, population to be conducted in this study covers students of

Faculty of Economics & Business, from various majors including
Accounting, Management, and Economic development progam.
Total sample of data was 4134 active students in 2016.
Selecting sample of population is important in this study. So the data collection process used in this study is random sampling.
Random sampling means every element of the population is given equal opportunity or equal probability to be selected into sample (Kusdiyanto 1997 This study used several data collection methods including interview, questionnaire, and documentations. Interview is a process of communication interaction conducted by at least two persons, on the basis of availability and in a natural setting, in which the direction of the conversation refers to the predetermined goal of prioritizing trust or trust as the main foundation in the process of understanding (Rumidi 2006 (Suharsimi 1992). In this case the authors collect data and information in the form of matters relating to students of the Faculty of Economics & Business UMS as secondary data in the form of student data and so forth.
Data analysis is an attempt to find and organize systematically records of observations, interviews and others to improve the researcher's understanding of the case under study and present it as a finding for others (Suharsimi 1992

RESULTS
The results section summarizes the data collected for study in the form of descriptive statistics and also reports the results of relevant inferential stastically analysis (e.g., hypothesis tests) conducted on the data. You need to report the results in sufficient detail so that the reader can see which stasticall analyses were conducted and why, and to justify your conclusions. Mention all relevant results, including those that are at odds with the stated hypotheses (American Psycho;ogy Association 2001: 20).

As stated in the vision of the Faculty of Economics &
Business that the goal of the academic process is to deliver a person who excels economic power and stays with Islamic values so can give direction changes to the national economy. It means that generation of the Faculty of Economics & Business is set to become the spearhead that will touch and contribute directly to the economic situation in the future society. Academic

Information in Faculty of Economics & Business declared since
2012 that 4134 persons are actve students . With this population there will be 98 students who will be sampled.
Sampling was conducted randomly without looking at the background of each student. It covered who is majoring in development economics, management and accountancy, as well as students who are active in ormawa activity or not. Then, all of samling student were given the same rights in providing questions and receiving answers related to the research that the author lifted. That was about halāl food, label, until the influence of MUI halāl labelling in determining the student purchase of food products.

Food Products
In analyzing the understanding of Economics & Business students on halāl food products, this study will use descriptive statistical analysis. That is the analysis based on the tendency of answers that obtained from respondents. The anwers was designed to several choice such well understanding, less understanding and no understanding. This to simplify the researcher in describing the classification of respondents.
Based on the table 1 below, the level of students who are very familiar with halāl products is able to explain the meaning of halāl products, halāl label and halāl food criteria in general, as formulated by the Indonesian Ulama Council. The indicator who has less understanding is able to explain the meaning of halāl product, halāl label and halāl food criteria in general but not perfect, and the indicators for who do not understand is those students can not explain things related halāl to products.

Level of Understanding Indicator
Well Understanding Ability to explain halāl products, and halāl criteria of a food product in general Less Understanding Ability to explain halāl products, and halāl criteria of a food product but not perfect

No Understanding
Inability to explain halāl products, and halāl criteria of a food product Based on the results of interviews and also questionnaires in this study, it can be found a variety of different answers in the form of the following table. Foods that contain no pork and ingredients derived from it.. 10 All matters which include election, manufacture and implementation in accordance with the teachings of Islam.

29
Based on the obtained results, this study found various answers in explaining halāl product and halāl criteria. 41 respondents answered that halāl food products are food products allowed by the Shari'a and not contradictory by the Quran and sunnah.Other definition said that halāl food is selected materials and processed in accordance with the teachings of Islam. Another opinion replied that halāl food products are free from pigs and other harmful materials such as carrion and alcohol. Referring to three answers above, it can be said that the answers are in line with the food criteria mentioned by the Indonesian Ulama Council. This answer represents 80 other respondents. Table 3 below demonstrated the answers of respondents with less understanding to clearly explain halāl products, and halāl criteria of a food product but without perfect explanation. One respondent namely Ardi replied that halāl food products are products with a high process of filtering done by muslim producers. Similarly, other respondent answered that halāl food is a food that meets the requirements of laboratory tests to ensure health and hygiene. Both answers above can represent at least 15 other respondents who answer the same essence. Table 4 below illustrated the answers of respondents with no understanding criteria as they have inability to explain the meaning of halāl products, halāl label and halāl food criteria.

Number of Respondents
Well Understanding Very understand the process of giving Halāl Certificate to the company and allowed to use halāl label on its product 48 Declaration of halāl MUI contained in food products to declare halāl products 27 According to Table 5 above, the results obtained from the notion of halāl labeling also resulted in various answers. One respondent Mila replied that halāl labeling is the process of giving halāl certificate by MUI to the company allowed in oreder to be allowed to use halāl label on its products. Next respondent namely Nur said halāl labeling is a halāl statement on food products by MUI to declare halāl products. Looking at these two opinions then this opinion is appropriated with the intention of MUI halāl labeling. This answer was considered correct and represented 75 correspondents who answered with the same essence.  labeling. This answer also represents from 20 respondents who answered with the same essence.

Number of Respondents
Not Understanding Images contains halāl words in food products that sold b companies 3

28
Because halāl food will create a social morality that reflects the Islamic community 5 Because halāl food will create a social morality that reflects the Islamic community 12 Because halāl-labeled products are more assured of the manufacturing process than are not woven 7 Looking at the results of the survey above it can be concluded that the halāl label affected the purchasing decisions of students Economics & Business. Total of 52 students made the halāl label as a consideration in determining the purchase decision.
One respondent Windy argued that a muslim should follow the guidelines of the Quran and hadith in order to keep themselves from forbidden things in Islam. This is certainly in accordance with the teachings of Islamic law written in the Quran so that people eat allowed food and stay away from prohibition. On the other hand, one respondent Sari said that halāl labeling is a consideration because halāl or good food will certainly generate good output or morality for human continuity, and that is a hallmark of Islamic society.
In addition, respontdent namely Putri argued that halāl labeling on food products will be a guarantee of safety to consume. This is because there of a MUI recognition describe that the product is free from h{ara>m things. The last opinion from respondent Rina said that halāl labeling on food products can be taken into consideration because will be more guaranteed for the process of making than the unlabeled halāl. This is of course justified because the MUI has a auditor team who serves as a guarantor of product quality and ensure the release of all substances that are h{ara>m and harmful to the human body.
This is as written in the 2003 halāl MUI auditor Guidebook.
Based on the data of table below, the researchers concluded that a small part of the students of Economics & Business believes that the existence of halāl label does not affect them in determining the purchase of food products Because halāl labels are only a symbol of the product, it is not ascertained in accordance with the actual process .

7
Because halāl products are usually only found in relatively high-end product products that can afford to pay. While the small market is not necessarily able to pay by considering the cost, although the actual materials used halāl

16
Because food that has been considered halāl by the general public then should the food is halāl, let alone kosher according to local scholars.

0
One of the reasons is presented by respondent Ida who answered that the halāl label is only a halāl symbol and can not be ascertained whether the finishing practice is in accordance with the Shari'a and halāl requirements of food products. This is continuous with respondent Tiara's reply saying that halāl food is certainly not predictable only by halāl logo because it can be manipulation between selection process by MUI and production process when actually post audit conducted by MUI. Both of these opinions represent from 7 repondents who answered with the same essence.
Another answer was given by respondent Yuni who said that halāl label is usually only found on famous brand product that has ability to pay the process of getting halāl label, while small micro market certainly can not afford that because of the limitations of budget cost. Although the materials and processes performed sometimes have been in accordance with halāl requirements.
This answer represents 16 respondents who answered with the same essence.

Analysis of Understanding Level of Student Faculty of Economics & Business Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
to Halāl Food Products.
As explained that MUI's halāl label on food products is a statement given by MUI through halāl certification process to producers, stating that the product is declared as halāl. MUI stipulated and fulfilled all terms and applicable mechanisms in halāl labeling process. In Addition halāl Products by Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) stated that halāl food products are free from pork and do not contain forbidden ingredients, such as materials from human organs, blood, dirt and others. All materials of food products derived from halāl animals and slaughtered according to Islamic Shari'a.

All storage, sales, management and transportation facilities
should not be used for pigs. If ever used pig or other unlawful goods must be cleaned first with the procedures based on Islamic law. All foods and drinks also have to be cleaned from wine ingredient.
In order to find out how far the level of understanding of

Economics & Business students of Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta on halāl products, the authors will describe based on interviews that have been done before, by finding a variety of answers, one of which is respondent Kris who said that halāl food products are food products allowed by the Shari'a and do not In line with Kris's opinion, one of respondents, according to respondent Sofi halāl food is food that selecting of materials and its processing have been in accordance with the teachings of Islam. The author argues that argument counted into appropriate definition because every used material will determine the results of the product as well as processing. No attention to the guidance of the Shari'a cause the food h{ara>m because of mistakes in processing and implementation. Although actually using a kosher material. This is also in accordance with the criteria mentioned by the MUI.
Another opinion was also given by respondent Annisa , who argued that halāl food products is food that is free from pigs and other dangerous materials such as carcasses, alcohol etc. This research considers this assumption to at least meet the criteria of halāl products, since the use of pigs is clearly h{ara>m absolute, and the MUI auditor team certainly will not grant producers permission to use halāl label because the use of pigs, carcasses or khamar is also not allowed in processing halāl certification MUI.

Considering the three answers raised by the respondents, it
can be concluded that the students of the Faculty of Economics & Business that halāl products are products in the manufacture starting from materials selecting to processing does not contain elements such as pigs, carcasses, harmful substances and khamar. In line with respondent Kris's opinion, according to respondent Sofi halāl food is food that its selection of materials and processing have been in accordance with the teachings of Islam. This paper considered that opinion certainly include appropriate definition because every used material will determine the results of the product as well as processing and if there is no attention to the guidance of the Shari'a, then the food may be haram because of mistakes in process and implementation although actually use halāl material. This is also in accordance with the criteria mentioned by the MUI.
Another opinion is also given by respondent Annisa who argued that halāl food is free from pigs and other dangerous materials such as carcasses, alcohol etc. This paper considered this assumption to at least meet the criteria of halāl products, since the use of pigs is clearly absolute prohibited, and the MUI auditor team certainly will not grant permission to use halāl label because the use of pigs, carcasses or khamar which are not allowed in halāl certification processing.
Analysing the three answers raised by the respondents, it can be concluded that the students of the Faculty of Economics & Business assume that halāl products are products that in the manufacture ranging from materials to processing does not contain elements such as pigs, carcasses, harmful substances and wine. So this does not contradict the Islamic Shari'a. this research considered this general conclusion is in line with what the MUI has declared.
The obtained conclusion indicates that the students of

Faculty of Economics & Business who understand the definition
of halāl product in general is large enough population, that there is 81.63% of all sample of FEB students. Another opinion was also replied by some FEB students such as respondent Ardi who answered that halāl food products are tested products through a high process of filtering done by Muslim producers. In line with that is respondent Ian who answered that halāl food is a food that qualifies laboratory tests so as to ensure health and hygiene.
Commenting on the two opinions above this paper see that the answers given by both are not appropriate, but not deviated far from what is meant by halāl food as MUI did. Because every process of selecting and processing halāl food should be through high filter and pass the health test. But Islam regulates more than that, that is apart from the health and of course the food must be from the good allowed by the Shari'a. The Quran confirms in Surah Al-Maidah (5): 4 From the obtained answers above it is concluded that students who understand halāl products but not perfect is 15.30% of all samples Furthermore, another opinion was also delivered by respondent Fergi who said that halāl food is a common assumption that the food is worthy to be consumed and halāl.
Surely this answer is stretched far from the criteria that have been set by MUI.
Commenting on who answered not perfectly this paper assume that this is not in accordance with the criteria intended by MUI. Because of the existence of this criterion is actually a major benchmark in determining the food is halāl. It is also based on the MUI of the Quran & Sunnah, not to the local community and ulama. Surely as a Muslim of course Quran & Sunnah criteria became the death price in determining the halāl product.
From the description above, it can be concluded that there is

3.07% of Faculty of Economics & Business students understand
halāl Product only as a mere assumption, but not yet understand the real essence of the existence of MUI halāl criterion. This paper consider this is not appropriate and far from the definition and MUI .criteria The next sub is about halāl Labeling, this research also finds various answers among others, respondent Mila replied that halāl labeling is the process of giving halāl certificate by MUI to company and then allowed to use halāl label on its product. Next is respondent Nur who said that halāl labeling is a halāl statement on food products by MUI to declare halāl products. Commenting on the two statements above this research assume that the answers presented above have fulfilled the essence of the meaning of halāl labeling itself. So it can be said that the answer given is exactly as MUI means that halāl Labeling is halāl labeling on a food product through certification process by MUI stating that the product is halāl. In this case the answer with the same essence is explained by 76.53% of the total respondents.
If the halāl and the haram are joined, then the haram takes precedence.
Another opinion conveyed by respondent Sari who said that halāl labeling is a consideration because halāl or good food will certainly generate good output or morality for human continuity, and this is a hallmark of Islamic society. In addition, respondent Putri argued that halāl labeling on food products will be a guarantee of security to consuming it, because there is a recognition of MUI that the product is free from things that are h{ara>m .
As explained in the Maqashid Shariah, one of them is to keep the offspring, mind and family from things that will destroy the generation. The same thing is mentioned in the PPK (Consumer Protection Law) Law No.8 Year 1999 that explained that one of the consumer rights is to get comfort, safety of the producer products.
The last opinion from respondent Rina who said that the labeling halāl on food products can be considered as intermediate products with halāl label will be more guaranteed the process of making it from the unlabeled halāl.
This statement is corroborated by the purpose of the MUI that food that has been labeled by MUI then automatically the material until the making process are in accordance with Islamic Shari'a.
As the purpose of MUI is to avoid h{ara>m. Opinion above when examined further, the decision to purchase a food product by considering the existence of halāl label is quite significant among the students of economics Faculty.
That is about 69.3% of total respondents. Looking at the facts above, it can be said that most of the students of the Faculty The second group is a group of students who do not really consider halāl labeling as a benchmark in their purchasing decisions. This is expressed by one of the students, Ida who answered that the halāl label is only a halāl symbol and it is not yet certain whether the practice is done in accordance with the Shari'a and halāl requirements of food products. The harmonious opinion is also conveyed by respondent Tiara who said that halāl food is certainly not predictable, it could be manipulation between the selection process with MUI and the actual production process after MUI audit.
Responding to this statement, it is contained in the Consumer Protection Law (HPK) article 7 of Law No.8 Year 1999 that stated that one of the obligations of producers is to provide product information correctly, clearly, honestly, about its products. As well as guarantee the quality of goods and or services produced and or traded under the provisions of quality standards of goods and or services.
So that consumers can complain about any complaints about the products that they used that is not in accordance with the provisions that already existed above. While MUI as auditor in selecting halāl food, of course has put one person as auditor or supervisor in company, and appointed directly by MUI. The next comment was delivered by respondent Yuni who said that halāl label is usually only found on famous brand products that have to pay for halāl labeling process, while relatively small micro market certainly can not do that because of the limited cost, especially for middle class group although they conducted the actual materials and processes are sometimes in accordance with halāl standards in general.
This assumption may be true, because we can find directly the people who are difficult to register their products due to the cost so it has not been able to run various procedures applied by MUI, of course this becomes a breakthrough for MUI to provide a better chance for food products to register halāl labeling which is also a goal of Islamic society that keeps them from things that are unlawful.
From the argument above it can be concluded that the classification of students who do not consider halāl labeling in purchasing decisions is relatively small. There is 30.7% of the respondents who answered with the same essence that does not make halāl label as a consideration in their purchase. Thus overall this research assume that the students of the Faculty of Economics Labeling is about 69.3% which demonstrates a big influence in determining their purchasing power for selecting products. This means that the majority of Economics & Business students who understand these two things make MUI halāl labeling as one of the factors determining their purchasing decisions on a food product that they consume.
Departing from the conclusions that have been obtained, this research wants to give some recommendations. At first, to cultivate a high sense of concern for students about the importance of halāl food products, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of Islam in lecturing course, so that students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta would be a benchmark as a student who cares about the existence of halāl products in Indonesia. In addition it is also a form of concern Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta to the community, so that students are prepared to be a pioneer in the community. At second, to achieve the objectives of MUI, in order to preserve all consumers, especially Muslim consumers from all substances that are harmful and containing illicit materials, in this case the media plays an important role such as newspapers, TV, Magazines, Radio and Internet as a mediator to inform the community, especially students of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, so they became aware of the existence of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) as well as the halāl Labeling issued on the existing food products in the community.