VALUE TRANSFORMATION IN FULFILLMENT OF CHILDREN RIGHTS THROUGH CHILD-FRIENDLY VILLAGE

Childhood is a special phase concerning both in the process of physical growth and soul. Children are not only the responsibility of the parents but the state for the fulfillment of rights. Thus, the fulfillment of children’s rights becomes an interesting issue. To give a meaning of natural condition in place of research, this research used a qualitative approach with phenomenology research type. This research concern on nonformal education for children. Child-friendly village as an effort to realize the city worthy of children is one of the solutions in fulfilling the rights of the children. As a result, the transformation of values from the fulfillment of children’s rights increasingly improved through a child-friendly village. The transformation of values includes transformation from adults to children, from groups to individuals, and from individuals to individuals involved in activities. Transformed values include discipline, courage, confidence, mutual respect, and cooperation.


Introduction
A child is an invaluable treasure seen in many perspectives from economic, social, cultural, political, legal perspective to the successor perspectives of family, ethnic and national generation.Economic perspective is indicated by the assumption of 'having many children means having lots of luck'.Furthermore, seen from a social perspective, the child becomes the honor of the dignity of the family depends on the attitude and behavior of the child to perform.In contrast to the cultural perspective, the child becomes a treasure and wealth that must be preserved and a symbol of the fertility of a family.In political perspective, the child becomes the next generation of tribe, nation, and from a legal perspective, the child has a strategic position and position before the law, not only as the successor and heir of the family but ISSN: 0852-0976 also as part of the legal subject with all rights and obligations that are guaranteed law .Speaking of rights and obligations, Indonesia is a country that upholds Human Rights for every citizen.The understanding of human rights in Indonesia is a universal birthright that applies universally to all human beings.In accordance with Act No. 39 of 1999 article one of «Human Rights is a set of rights inherent in the nature and existence of human beings as a creature of God and is a gift that must be respected, upheld and protected by the state, the law, the Government, and every person for the honor and protection of human dignity and prestige.» As the times grow and the greater the challenges of life, people's understanding of the rights of child protection is often ignored.This can be seen from several cases of child rights violations in Indonesia such as infant disposal, neglect of children, malnutrition to HIV / AIDS transmission Indonesian Child Protection Commission received complaints about abandonment cases of 5.4 million children and 886 infants.Baby dumps are also diverse, ranging from residents' homes, rivers, houses of worship, terminals, railway stations, to sewers and dumps.Another example is malnutrition (marasmus kwashiorkor) based on UNICEF, the UN agency for child protection, the number reaches 10 million in Indonesia.Other cases such as early marriage, lack of education, child trafficking, child abuse and underage employment.Early marriage occurs in rural areas, 46.5% married before 18 years and 21.5% married before reaching 16 years.The most obvious and freshest case is a marriage performed by Kyai Pujiono Cahyo Widianto or known by Sheikh Puji with Lutfiana Ulfa (12 years).(Kompasiana News, 2015) This is reinforced data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) which shows some cases of children from 2011 to 2015.As can be seen in the table below: From table 1 above shows that cases of violence each year have increased.Violence is not only physical violence but also sexual violence, psychological and neglect.It shows that the family has not been a safe place for children.In addition, the lack of community involvement in protecting children is due to the lack of understanding of the rights of the children.
Yogyakarta as a student city still has a growing number of children every year.One case is pedophilia.Pedophilia is a deviant behavior, disorder or psychiatric disorder committed by adult humans to act by making children as the target of action that is usually a violation of sexual desire.The number of cases can be seen in the table below:  Some of the above cases show that children's rights have not been fully fulfilled either by family or country.Whereas as stated in Law No. 23 of 2002 on child protection, the basic rights that must be owned by children are the right to life, the right to grow and develop, the right to protection and the right to participate.However, various cases of children are stealing more attention from the government.In the era of regional autonomy, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and all laws and regulations relating to the right of the child is being imposed on the rights-based development system in the form of Child-Friendly City.The Government of Yogyakarta City through KPMP (Office of Community Empowerment and women) seeks a program to fulfill the 4 basic rights of the child.Efforts to materialize from Decent City Children is through the formation of Village Friendly Children.
The results of research about Children's Views on Child-friendly Environments in Different Geographical, Cultural and Social Neighbourhoods (Maria Northdorm, 2009) show that three of the dimensions, in particular, apply to the children's responses: 'safety and security', 'urban and environmental qualities' and 'basic services'.However, other dimensions of that framework, containing more abstract phenomena, do not seem to apply to these children's environmental experiences.A child-friendly perspective on cities, with children's age in mind, seems to involve a local perspective on the environment, a result that indicates a need for change in current city planning practice.

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The existence of this child-friendly village program becomes one of the government's ways to protect children from their vulnerability.From the journal of childfriendly cities: good governance in the best interest of the child (Eliana Riggio,2002), we can know that a child-friendly city has a system of governance committed to the full implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.It falls on city governments to translate the commitments made at the national level by states ratifying the Convention on the Rights of the Child into action at the city level -and thus also to form a key component of national plans of action for children.It has particular relevance to the follow-up to the UN Special Session on Children (New York, 8-10 May 2002), whose document, AWorld Fit for Children, explicitly commits member nations to develop child friendly communities and cities, and to involve mayors and municipal authorities as primary partners in achieving the new goals set for children.Children are recognized as citizens who have a right to express their opinions and have their views given due consideration.This requires most cities to make institutional, legal and budgetary reforms and to develop a strategy to transform the living environments of children at the family, neighborhood and city levels.
In Indonesia, by implementing this program, the family and society, therefore it can synergize each other in the fulfillment of children's rights.Child-friendly village activities divided into five clusters not only provide an understanding of the fulfillment of children's rights.However, it also provides an understanding of the transformation of values in each of these activities in the fulfillment of the rights of the child.Therefore, this study aims to see the transformation of values in the fulfillment of children's rights through the child-friendly village in the city of Yogyakarta.

Method
This research is a type of qualitative approach with phenomenology research type.To data collection techniques by using observation, interview and documentation study.The research was conducted in Kampong Ramah Anak (Child-Friendly Village) named "Kambojo".This village has a homogenous society characteristic with problems in a heterogeneous environment.The instrument used in this study is the researchers themselves assisted by guidelines for observation, interviews, and documentation that have been prepared before.Furthermore, researchers used qualitative descriptive analysis techniques to perform data analysis.In implementing several programs of this activity, the residents of RW 05 Tegalrejo village have a slogan.The first slogan is «RW 05 BERTUAH».The purpose of the slogan is to create a clean environment, friendly, pious, superior, safe and green.This means that in carrying out activities community not only able to argue but must be followed by concrete actions to make it happen.So that the support of some components is also indirectly become a supporting component in the implementation of child-friendly kampong activities in RW 05, Tegalrejo Kampong.

Results and Discussion
The first step in pioneering child-friendly village activities in RW 05 is by strengthening human resources (HR) among youth so that youth can have the same dream and purpose.One of the ways in strengthening human resources is by doing outbound activities.This outbound activity is not only followed by the candidates of the child-friendly village management, but the parents of the youth also accompany when the outbound activities.
Mentoring is one form of parental support for children The next stage for the development of child-friendly village is the establishment of organization structure and preparation of activities child-friendly village.The statement same as the result of research from Taryono,1992 give meaning about spatial order of a region include purpose of structure and interrelatedness of spatial order which as a unity of development mechanism.Spatial order can't be part from law basic that is UUD'45 and GBHN, in order to the management can be integrated and keep the environment.Spatial order also take note of physical factor and non physical factor.Physical factor consist of soil, water, flora, and fauna.Non physical factors consist of environment, social, economic, and soon.The initial stewardship of the childfriendly village program «Kambojo» is in the coordinator by Mr. Mulyanto and in the chairman i by Mr. Atri Iman Santoso.The child-friendly village guard has a slogan of one word, one deed.This means that in carrying out Village-friendly activities both the steward and the community should be the same between what is aspirated with the actions to realize those aspirations.Activities in a child-friendly kampoong program in the form of physical and non-physical activities.Therefore, the goal of the child-friendly village program «Kambojo» is broad to help the city of Yogyakarta to realize the city worthy of children.While the more narrow goal is the realization of the environment RW 05 Kampong Tegalrejo child-friendly Child-friendly village «Kambojo» has a distinctive characteristic that distinguishes it from other child-friendly villages.One of the peculiarities of this child-friendly «Kambojo» village is that it has kampong culture.The village culture in KRA «Kambojo» is divided into four.Four kampong cultures are often referred to as the four pillars of the village culture.In addition to having four pillars of kampong culture, the child-friendly village «Kambojo» has five child-friendly behaviors.The number of cultural pillars is adjusted to the 'Rukun Tetangga' (RT) located in RW 05.Whereas five become child-friendly behavior taken from the name 'Rukun Warga' (RW) is RW 05.
The four pillars of culture and fifth childfriendly behavior is one step to realize the environment RW 05 is friendly to children.The four pillars of culture that is expected to be characteristic of RW 05 child-friendly village.Meanwhile, the fifth child-friendly behavior is expected to form the character of children.So that between the behavior and child-friendly culture synergized from the creation of child-friendly behaviors that will form the pillars of the culture of the village.From children's behavior, it creates a childfriendly culture.The cultures and behaviors of the children are interconnected into one unified whole and thus characterize the childfriendly village «Kambojo».
Here's an explanation of each culture pillar and five child-friendly behaviors:

Activities on Child-Friendly Village
Child-friendly village is a unit of programs conducted by citizens who are members of the 'rukun kampoong' in the form of efforts to fulfill the civil rights of children to provide opportunities to grow and develop based on realistic conditions to the village that is able to provide comfort, proper to live and worthy of development with basic health, education and legal protection based on independent initiative.The implementation of this program is integrated with the activities of 'Rukun Warga' (RW) and 'Rukun Tetangga' (RT) as the fulfillment of basic needs of life.(Report of the End of the Study of Development of City of Children Worthy of Yogyakarta).
Child-friendly village is the realization of the program as a manifestation of the district or city worthy of children.This child-friendly village program is a program within the scope of a community that aims to fulfill the rights of the child through the activities undertaken.The goal of this child-friendly village program is the children in the neighborhood.

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The concept of this child-friendly village program is the implementation of physical and non-physical activities as an effort to fulfill the rights of the child.
Four child rights in accordance with child protection legislation include child rights, child rights, child protection and child participation rights.The fulfillment of the four rights of the child through the implementation of activities divided into five clusters.The five clusters include special protection clusters, education clusters and leisure use, civil rights and freedom clusters, basic health and welfare clusters, and alternative family and alternative care clusters.All child-friendly village activities integrate with existing activities within the scope of RW.
Child-Friendly Village Program «Kambojo» is one of the children friendly village programs located in RW 05, Tegalrejo Village, Tegalrejo District, Yogyakarta City.The name of the child-friendly village is short for the boy-friendly village of tegalrejo.So the name of the child-friendly village in RW 05 abbreviated with «Kambojo».The goal of the «Kambojo» child-friendly village program is the fulfillment of children's rights in RW 05, raising awareness of the rights of children and creating a child-friendly environment.In addition, the child-friendly village program «Kambojo» became one of the efforts of the RW 05 community to provide a venue for the development of the positive potential of youth and women in RW 05.So this program is also an empowerment effort for youth and women in RW 05.
Efforts are made to achieve the goal of the child-friendly village «Kambojo» which is to carry out various activities in which contains matters relating to the fulfillment of the rights of children RW 05.That activities are activities generated by the child-friendly village program «Kambojo».In every activity carried out always associated with the rights of children.So that the implementation of «Kambojo» child-friendly village activities is not only an activity to entertain children but also answering the needs and significance for the fulfillment of the four rights of children, namely the right to live the child, the right to grow children, the right of child protection and the right of child participation.Thus, it can be said that activities in the «Kambojo» kid-friendly village program are in line with the objectives expected by KRA's «Kambojo» KRA board.
Based on the theory study, a childfriendly village is a program that aims to fulfill the rights of children through activities planned according to a cluster.According to the report of city-worthy study of children, child-friendly village is a unit of programs conducted by citizens who are members of the 'rukun' kampoong in the form of efforts ISSN: 0852-0976 to fulfill the civil rights of children to provide opportunities to grow and develop based on realistic conditions to the village that is able to provide comfort, habitable and viable with basic health, education and legal protection based on independent initiatives.This program is implemented integrated with the activities of the neighborhood and the neighborhood as the fulfillment of basic needs of life.Thus, based on the theoretical study it can be seen that the «Kambojo» child-friendly village program is in line with the purpose of child-friendly kampongs in a child-friendly city study report.In addition, the childfriendly village «Kambojo» has implemented activities in accordance with the guidelines on the implementation of children's participation policy in development in Law No. 40 of 2011.This means that activities carried out by the child-friendly village «Kambojo» have fulfilled the rights of children in RW 05.

Values
transformation in the Fulfillment of the Rights of the Child Every activity of life, the human must do interaction process, an interaction can occur between the individual with individual, individual with a group, or group with a group.Since human birth must have been interacting with the surrounding environment, starting from the smallest scope is the family scope.Each of these interactions will have an effect on the individuals involved.According to Mohammad Ali and Mohammad Asrori (2012: 85) that social relations are defined as ways individuals react to the people around him and how the influence of that relationship on him.With the occurrence of interaction on the individual then can change the individual to be better or it makes it worse.
Interaction occurs in every activity in RW 05 child-friendly village program.From the observation, children will gather to do activities or just play with friends in their environment.The form of interaction that occurs can be in the form of a positive (associative) interaction or may be a negative (dissociative) interaction.In every interaction that occurs in a group, the transfer of value occurs between them.Value is used as a benchmark of good and bad in social life.Basically, humans always want to be considered good and right in the environment.
The form of social interactions acoustic is more likely to occur after the implementation of child-friendly village activities.When implementing the activities, from each individual will appear a positive value for mutual cooperation.It can be seen during the activity.Children work together to solve their obligations in every activity.Being disciplined in carrying out the task is also embedded in the child because it is based on every activity.Tolerance towards other religions is always shown by people who then become embedded in the child.This can be seen from people who have different beliefs but children can still live in harmony regardless of their religious status.
Dissociative social interaction forms also occur when children perform activities.Conflict often occurs in children because of small things.How to resolve the dispute is done alone by the concerned because if not done settlement there will be a continuous conflict.Disputes also do not occur in school-aged children, disputes also occur in adolescent children involved in childfriendly village activities.This is because they disagree differently and nobody wants to budge.Value is used as a benchmark for social life.
In each activity carried out the transfer of value.Value transformation occurs from adults to children and from one child to another.Transferred values are then absorbed by the children so that there is a change in the child.Changes that occur are in the form of changes in attitude and behavior in children.The changes can be seen during the event.
Children indirectly imitate what others do and then apply to their daily lives.
The way the delivery is done by the educator in every activity shows a positive attitude.It is shown by a good speech that conveys a moral message, in a gentle way 1. Four pillars of the village culture a. Obey the religion according to religion b.Worship to both parents c.Diligent to reach science for achievement d.Polite in association 2. Five child-friendly behaviors a. Greet each meet b.Greetings every time c.Every smile speaks d.Make every conversation e.The spirit of every activity

formal or informal. The right of education is also regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Women Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia
Number 5 the Year 2011 on the Policy on the Fulfillment of the Right to Child Education.