TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: CAN ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL REASON BE A SYNERGISM?

Joko Mariyono

doi:10.23917/jep.v7i1.3988

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: CAN ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL REASON BE A SYNERGISM?

Joko Mariyono^(1*)

(1) International and Development Economics, The Australian National University, Canberra-Australia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Sektor pertanian menjadi salah satu sumber pencemaran terbesar. Penyebabnya ada tiga kemungkinan: perubahan teknologi, model analisis ekonomi yang digunakan, dan kebijakan pemerintah. Hipotesisnya adalah penggunaan model ekonomi yang tidak tepat. Kajian ini mengevaluasi secara teoritis dan empiris model ekonomi, dan mengusulkan sebuah alternatif yang memungkinkan penurunan penggunaan input kimia pertanian. Dengan pendekatan teori produksi mikroekonomi dan ekonometri, kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa model analisis ekonomi yang digunakan selama ini tidak selalu benar dan mungkin menyesatkan. Untuk mendukung model alternatif yang diusulkan, kajian ini menggunakan satu unit data produksi pertanian dan pengenalan teknologi baru.

Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa bahwa pengenalan teknologi baru tidak serta merta menyebabkan produsen meningkatkan penggunaan input kimia. Perubahan teknologi yang telah menyebabkan pencemaran linkungan pada prinsipnya disebabkan oleh penggunaan model ekonomi yang direstriksi, yang didukung oleh kebijakan pemerintah. Oleh karena itu direkomendasikan untuk meninggalkan model yang direstriksi, dan menggantikannya dengan model yang dimodifikasi dalam mengevaluasi dampak ekonomi dari pengenalan teknologibaru, khususnya di sector pertanian. Terlihat bahwa alasan ekonomi dan ekologis dapat berjalan bersama-sama.

Keywords

perubahan teknologi; model ekonomi; regresi panel

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DOI: 10.23917/jep.v7i1.3988