POLA BAKTERI DAN ANTIBIOGRAM PENYEBAB ULKUS DIABETIKUM DI RSUD ARIFIN ACHMAD PROVINSI RIAU PERIODE 2015 – 2018

Dewi Anggraini(1*), Indra Yovi(2), Riza Yefri(3), Erwin Christianto(4), Eka Zulya Syahputri(5)

(1) Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau
(2) Bagian Pulmonologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau
(3) Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau
(4) Bagian Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau
(5) Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Ulkus diabetikum adalah salah satu komplikasi dari diabetes mellitus. Ulkus ini terjadi akibat kerusakan  sistem saraf dan pembuluh darah akibat dari hiperglikemia yang tidak terkontrol. Kurangnya nutrisi dari pembuluh darah serta penurunan sensasi akibat kerusakan jaringan saraf memudahkan terjadinya ulserasi infeksi. Pola bakteri ulkus diabetikum dan resistensi antibiotik perlu diketahui untuk meningkatkan kesembuhan bagi pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RS X Riau periode tahun 2015-2018. Data penelitian didapatkan dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RS X Riau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Klebsiella pneumonia adalah bakteri yang paling banyak menginfeksi penderita ulkus diabetikum di Rumah Sakit ini yaitu sebesar 17,9%. Bakteri lain yang menjadi penyebab adalah Escherichia coli (16,5%), Staphylococcus aureus (16,5%), Acinetobacter baumanii (14,7%) dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8,7%). Uji sensitivitas antibiotik menunjukkan bahwa Klebsiella pneumonia dan Escherichia coli paling sensitif terhadap antibiotik ertapenem, meropenem, amikacin dan tigecycline. Staphylococcus aureus ditemukan sangat resisten terhadap cefoxitine. Acinetobacter baumanii sensitif terhadap amikacin dan tigecycline, sedangkan Pseudomonas aeruginosa 100% resisten terhadap ampicillin, sefazolin, seftriakson, tygecycline, dan kotrimoksazol.

Kata Kunci: Ulkus Diabetikum, Pola Bakteri, Pola Resistensi, Sensitifitas, Antibiotik

 

ABSTRACT

Diabetic ulcer is a condition of diabetes’s complication. These ulcers occur due to damage of nerve tissues and blood vessels caused by uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Lack of nutrition from blood vessels and decreased sensation due to nerve tissue damage facilitates ulceration of the infection. It is important to know how the pattern of bacteria and antibiotic’s resistance to improve disease’s prognosis. This research was conducted at X Hospital Riau in the 2015-2018 periods. The research data was obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of X Hospital Riau. The results showed that Klebsiella pneumonia was the most infecting bacterium with diabetic ulcer patients at this hospital, which was 17.9%. Other bacteria that cause are Escherichia coli (16.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.5%), Acinetobacter baumanii (14.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%). Antibiotic sensitivity tests show that Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli are most sensitive to ertapenem, meropenem, amikacin and tigecycline antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be very resistant to cefoxitine. Acinetobacter baumanii sensitive to amikacin and tigecycline and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 100% resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, tygecycline, and cotrimoxazole.

Keywords: Diabetic Ulcer, Bacterial Pattern, Resistance Pattern, Sensitivity, Antibiotics

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DOI: 10.23917/biomedika.v12i1.9316

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