Efektivitas Ankle Control Balance Training (ACBT) Terhadap Gait Ability Lansia
Rofi'atin Rofi'atin(1*), Suryo Saputra Perdana(2)(1) universitas muhammadiyah surakarta
(2) Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Latar Belakang; Lanjut usia atau lansia adalah seseorang yang telah memasuki usia 60 tahun. Seiring bertambah usia maka akan terjadi perubahan kualitas kesehatan lansia. Salah satu permasalahan lansia adalah jatuh. Risiko jatuh erat kaitannya dengan penurunan kondisi fisik yang berpengaruh terhadap gait ability. Risiko jatuh pada lansia dapat diturunkan dengan peningkatan gait ability.
Tujuan; Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ACBT terhadap peningkatan gait ability lansia.
Metode; Studi yang dipilih adalah Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) double blinding.Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive simple sampling. Jumlah sampel yang terpilih sebanyak 16 lansia dengan usia minimal 60 tahun, kemudian dibagi secara acak ke dalam kelompok kontrol dan intervensi. Sebelum dan setelah penelitian dilakukan tes Time Up and Go (TUG) untuk mengevaluasi gait ability. Kedua kelompok mendapat baseline treatment senam lansia dan edukasi pencegahan risiko jatuh seminggu sekali. Pada kelompok intervensi diberikan latihan tambahan berupa ACBT seminggu dua kali selama empat minggu.
Hasil; Latihan ACBT berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan gait ability lansia. Sesuai dengan uji pengaruh paired t-test yang menunjukkan p-value pada kelompok intervensi 0,004 (p 0,05) dan t-hitung lebih besar t-tabel (4,209 lebih besar 2,364) yang artinya data berpengaruh secara signifikan. Selain itu, independent t-test menunjukkan hasil p-value 0,008 (p kurang dari 0,05), artinya ada perbedaan pengaruh antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol.
Simpulan; Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ACBT secara statistik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan gait ability lansia.
Kata Kunci; Ankle Control Balance Training (ACBT), gait ability, lansia, dan Time Up and Go test (TUG)
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Bolding, D. J., & Corman, E. (2018). Falls in the Geriatric Patient Fall prevention Older adults Risk factors Prevention.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2018.08.010
Carter, V., Jain, T., James, J., Cornwall, M., Aldrich, A., & Heer, H. D. De. (2017). The 3-m Backwards Walk and Retrospective Falls : Diagnostic Accuracy of a Novel Clinical Measure, 1–7.
http://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000149
Cattagni, T., Scaglioni, G., Laroche, D., Gremeaux, V., & Martin, A. (2016). The Involvement of Ankle Muscles in Maintaining Balance in the Upright Posture is Higher in Elderly Fallers. EXG, 77, 38–45. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.02.010
Cruz-jimenez, M. (2017). Normal Changes in Gait and Mobility Problems in Elderly Gait Mobility Lower Extremity. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of NA, 28(4), 713–725. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2017.06.005
Domholdt, E. (2000). Physical Therapy Research: Principles and Applications (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company.
Faber, J., & Fonseca, L. M. (2014). How sample size influences research outcomes, 19(4), 27–29.
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Ferreira, M. L., Sherrington, C., Smith, K., Carswell, P., Bell, R., Bell, M., … Vardon, P. (2012). Physical Activity Improves Strength , Balance and Endurance in Adults Aged 40 – 65 years : a Systematic Review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 58(3), 145–156. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(12)70105-4
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Lee, K., & Lee, Y. W. (2017). Efficacy of ankle control balance training on postural balance and gait ability in community-dwelling older adults : a single-blinded , randomized clinical trial. J. Phys. Ther. Sci, 29, 1590–1595.
Menz, H. B., Latt, M. D., Tiedemann, A., Mun, M., Kwan, S., & Lord, S. R. (2004). Reliability of the GAITRite ® walkway system for the quantification of temporo-spatial parameters of gait in young and older people, 20, 20–25. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(03)00068-7
Middleton, A., & Fritz, S. L. (2013). Assessment of Gait, Balance, and Mobility in Older Adults: Considerations for Clinicians. Current Translational Geriatrics and Experimental Gerontology Reports, 2(4), 205–214. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13670-013-0057-2
Moylan, K. C., & Binder, E. F. (2007). Falls in Older Adults : Risk Assessment , Management and Prevention, 493–497. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.07.022
Muehlbauer, T., Gollhofer, A., Lesinski, M., Hortoba, T., & Granacher, U. (2015). Effects of Balance Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Older Adults : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0375-y
Naufal, A. F., Khasanah, D. A. & Noviyana, U., 2020. Hubungan Derajat Quadriceps Angle Dengan Patella Femoral Pain. FISIO MU: Physiotherapy Evidences. 1(1), pp. 29-34. http://doi.org/10.23917/j.fisiomu.v1i1.9504
Nisfiannoor, M. (2009). Pendekatan Statistik Modern. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Noohu, M. M., Dey, A. B., & Hussain, M. E. (2013). Journal of Clinical Gerontology & Geriatrics Relevance of balance measurement tools and balance training for fall prevention in older adults. Journal of Clinical Gerontology & Geriatics, 1–5. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcgg.2013.05.002
Park, J. (2017). The Effects of Eyeball Exercise on Balance Ability and Falls Efficacy of the Elderly who have Experienced a Fall : A Single-Blind , Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 68, 181–185. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2016.10.006
Pijnappels, M., Bobbert, M. F., & Dieen, J. H. Van. (2005). Push-Off Reactions in Recovery After Tripping Discriminate Young subjects , Older Non-Fallers and Older Fallers, 21, 388–394. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.04.009
Pijnappels, M., Van der Burg, J. C. E., Reeves, N. D., & Dieën, J. H. Van. (2008). Identification of Elderly Fallers by Muscle Strength Measures, 585–592. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0613-6
Pirker, W., & Katzenschlager, R. (2017). Gait disorders in adults and the elderly, 81–95. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-016-1096-4
Sherrington, C., & Tiedemann, A. (2015). Physiotherapy in the Prevention of Falls in Older People. Journal of Physiotherapy. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2015.02.011
Shin, S.-S., & An, D.-H. (2014). The Effect of Motor Dual-task Balance Training on Balance and Gait of Elderly Women. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(3), 359–361. http://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.359
Wang, R., Wang, Y., & Cheng, F. (2015). Effects of combined exercise on gait variability in community-dwelling older adults Effects of combined exercise on gait variability in community-dwelling older adults, (June). http://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-015-9780-2
Yamada, M., Arai, H., Sonoda, T., & Aoyama, T. (2012). Community-Based Exercise Program is Cost-Effective by Preventing Care and Disability in Japanese Frail Older Adults. JAMDA, 13(6), 507–511. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2012.04.001
Bolding, D. J., & Corman, E. (2018). Falls in the Geriatric Patient Fall prevention Older adults Risk factors Prevention. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2018.08.010 Carter, V., Jain, T., James, J., Cornwall, M., Aldrich, A., & Heer, H. D. De. (2017). The 3-m Backwards Walk and Retrospective Falls : Diagnostic Accuracy of a Novel Clinical Measure, 1–7. http://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000149 Cattagni, T., Scaglioni, G., Laroche, D., Gremeaux, V., & Martin, A. (2016). The Involvement of Ankle Muscles in Maintaining Balance in the Upright Posture is Higher in Elderly Fallers. EXG, 77, 38–45. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.02.010 Cruz-jimenez, M. (2017). Normal Changes in Gait and Mobility Problems in Elderly Gait Mobility Lower Extremity. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of NA, 28(4), 713–725. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2017.06.005 Domholdt, E. (2000). Physical Therapy Research: Principles and Applications (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company. Faber, J., & Fonseca, L. M. (2014). How sample size influences research outcomes, 19(4), 27–29. Felicia, A., Paul, G., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2013). Maturitas Risk factors for falls among older adults : A review of the literature. Maturitas, 75(1), 51–61. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.009 Ferreira, M. L., Sherrington, C., Smith, K., Carswell, P., Bell, R., Bell, M., … Vardon, P. (2012). Physical Activity Improves Strength , Balance and Endurance in Adults Aged 40 – 65 years : a Systematic Review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 58(3), 145–156. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(12)70105-4 Hanley, A., Silke, C., & Murphy, J. (2011). Community-based health efforts for the prevention of falls in the elderly, 19–25. http://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S9489 Lee, K., & Lee, Y. W. (2017). Efficacy of ankle control balance training on postural balance and gait ability in community-dwelling older adults : a single-blinded , randomized clinical trial. J. Phys. Ther. Sci, 29, 1590–1595. Menz, H. B., Latt, M. D., Tiedemann, A., Mun, M., Kwan, S., & Lord, S. R. (2004). Reliability of the GAITRite ® walkway system for the quantification of temporo-spatial parameters of gait in young and older people, 20, 20–25. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(03)00068-7 Middleton, A., & Fritz, S. L. (2013). Assessment of Gait, Balance, and Mobility in Older Adults: Considerations for Clinicians. Current Translational Geriatrics and Experimental Gerontology Reports, 2(4), 205–214. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13670-013-0057-2 Moylan, K. C., & Binder, E. F. (2007). Falls in Older Adults : Risk Assessment , Management and Prevention, 493–497. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.07.022 Muehlbauer, T., Gollhofer, A., Lesinski, M., Hortoba, T., & Granacher, U. (2015). Effects of Balance Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Older Adults : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0375-y Naufal, A. F., Khasanah, D. A. & Noviyana, U., 2020. Hubungan Derajat Quadriceps Angle Dengan Patella Femoral Pain. FISIO MU: Physiotherapy Evidences. 1(1), pp. 29-34. http://doi.org/10.23917/j.fisiomu.v1i1.9504 Nisfiannoor, M. (2009). Pendekatan Statistik Modern. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika. Noohu, M. M., Dey, A. B., & Hussain, M. E. (2013). Journal of Clinical Gerontology & Geriatrics Relevance of balance measurement tools and balance training for fall prevention in older adults. Journal of Clinical Gerontology & Geriatics, 1–5. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcgg.2013.05.002 Park, J. (2017). The Effects of Eyeball Exercise on Balance Ability and Falls Efficacy of the Elderly who have Experienced a Fall : A Single-Blind , Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 68, 181–185. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2016.10.006 Pijnappels, M., Bobbert, M. F., & Dieen, J. H. Van. (2005). Push-Off Reactions in Recovery After Tripping Discriminate Young subjects , Older Non-Fallers and Older Fallers, 21, 388–394. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.04.009 Pijnappels, M., Van der Burg, J. C. E., Reeves, N. D., & Dieën, J. H. Van. (2008). Identification of Elderly Fallers by Muscle Strength Measures, 585–592. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0613-6 Pirker, W., & Katzenschlager, R. (2017). Gait disorders in adults and the elderly, 81–95. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-016-1096-4 Sherrington, C., & Tiedemann, A. (2015). Physiotherapy in the Prevention of Falls in Older People. Journal of Physiotherapy. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2015.02.011 Shin, S.-S., & An, D.-H. (2014). The Effect of Motor Dual-task Balance Training on Balance and Gait of Elderly Women. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(3), 359–361. http://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.359 Wang, R., Wang, Y., & Cheng, F. (2015). Effects of combined exercise on gait variability in community-dwelling older adults Effects of combined exercise on gait variability in community-dwelling older adults, (June). http://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-015-9780-2 Yamada, M., Arai, H., Sonoda, T., & Aoyama, T. (2012). Community-Based Exercise Program is Cost-Effective by Preventing Care and Disability in Japanese Frail Older Adults. JAMDA, 13(6), 507–511. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2012.04.001
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