Analisis Prevalensi dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Swamedikasi Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi COVID-19: Studi pada Mahasiswa Kesehatan di Jawa Tengah

Indriyati Hadi Sulistyaningrum(1*), Arifin Santoso(2), Fildza Huwaina Fathnin(3), Dian Mila Fatmawati(4)

(1) Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
(2) Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
(3) Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
(4) Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Self-medication is defined as an attempt to treat using medicines purchased at pharmacies or drug stores without a doctor's prescription. There is currently a public health emergency due to the emergence of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among health students in Central Java and its associated factors. This cross-sectional  survey  involved 384 respondents with teknik snowball sampling using an online questionnaire  that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics, namely bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis with Chi square and Wilcoxon to compare sociodemographic characteristics with self-medicating before and during the pandemic. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was carried out using logistic regression to see the factors that most influenced individual desires to self-medicate (p<0.05). Based on the analysis, the results showed that the prevalence of self-medicating among health students in Central Java has increased from before the pandemic (58.6%) to (78.6%) during the pandemic. Self-medication was mostly done by women (84.4%), aged 18-40 years (99.2%). Places to buy drugs at pharmacies (91%) and considerations in choosing drugs by looking at drug brands (52%). Another factor of respondents doing self-medication is due to previous experience using similar drugs (49%), the factor of information sources from the internet (46%). The results of the study concluded that there were differences between age, gender, level of education, understanding of self-medication, experiencing pain in the last 3 months, physical activity and suggestions from others affecting individual desires for self-medication before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct education and monitoring related to self-medication carried out by students so that the treatment carried out is appropriate and rational.

Keywords

Self-medication, Prevalence, Factors, Student Health, COVID-19

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alam, N., Saffoon, N., & Uddin, R. (2015). Self-medication among medical and pharmacy students in Bangladesh. BMC Research Notes, 8(1), 763. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1737-0.

Apsari, D. P., Jaya, M. K. A., Wintariani, N. P., & Suryaningsih, N. P. A. (2020). Pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik swamedikasi pada Mahasiswa Universitas Bali Internasional. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 6(1), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v6i1.780.

Auta, A., Omale, S., Folorunsho, T. J., David, S., & Banwat, S. B. (2012). Medicine Vendors: Self-medication Practices and Medicine Knowledge. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(1), 5.

BPS. (2019). Provinsi Jawa Tengah Dalam Angka Jawa Tengah Province in Figures 2019. BPS-Statistics of Jawa Tengah Province.

BPS. (2021). Persentase Penduduk yang Mengobati Sendiri Selama Sebulan Terakhir.xlsx. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/30/1974/1/persentase-penduduk-yang-mengobati-sendiri-selama-sebulan-terakhir.html.

Dwicandra, N. M. O., & Wintariani, N. P. (2018). Prevalensi Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Berkaitan Dengan Pelayanan Swamedikasi Di Apotek. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 4(2), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v4i2.856.

Efayanti, E., Susilowati, T., & Imamah, I. N. (2019). Hubungan Motivasi dengan Perilaku Swamedikasi. 1(1), 12.

Fagbamigbe, A. F. (2021). Self-Medication Practices and Associated Factors in the Prevention and/or Treatment of COVID-19 Virus: A Population-Based Survey in Nigeria. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 9.

Hidayati, A., Dania, H., & Puspitasari, M. D. (2017). Tingkat Pengetahuan Penggunaan Obat Bebas Dan Obat Bebas Terbatas Untuk Swamedikasi Pada Masyarakat Rw 8 Morobangun Jogotirto Berbah Sleman Yogyakarta. 11.

Ilmi, T., Suprihatin, Y., & Probosiwi, N. (2021). Hubungan Karakteristik Pasien dengan Perilaku Swamedikasi Analgesik di Apotek Kabupaten Kediri, Indonesia. 17(1), 14.

Malik, M. (2020). Self-medication during Covid-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities. 3.

Mudenda, S., Witika, B. A., Sadiq, M. J., Banda, M., Mfune, R. L., Daka, V., Kalui, D., Phiri, M. N., Kasanga, M., Mudenda, F., & Mufwambi, W. (2020). Self-medication and its Consequences during & after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Health Problem. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 5.

Muharni, S., Aryani, F., & Mizanni, M. (2015). Gambaran Tenaga Kefarmasian dalam Memberikan Informasi Kepada Pelaku Swamedikasi di Apotek-apotek Kecamatan Tampan, Pekanbaru. 02(01), 7.

Multazam, A., & Muchlis, N. (2021). Pola Pencarian Pengobatan Masyarakat Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kelurahan Minasa Upa Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makassar. 2(2), 10.

Onchonga, D., Omwoyo, J., & Nyamamba, D. (2020). Assessing the prevalence of self-medication among healthcare workers before and during the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in Kenya. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(10), 1149–1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.003.

Panero, C., & Persico, L. (2016). Attitudes Toward and Use of Over-The-Counter Medications among Teenagers: Evidence from an Italian Study. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 8(3), 65. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v8n3p65.

Rashid, M., Chhabra, M., Kashyap, A., Undela, K., & Gudi, S. K. (2017). Prevalence and Predictors of Self-Medication Practices in India: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. 12.

Sadio, A. J. (2021). Assessment of self-medication practices in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Togo. 9.

Sambara, J., Yuliani, N. N., & Bureni, Y. (2014). Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Pemahaman Masyarakat Tentang Penggunaan Obat Yang Benar Di Kota Kupang Tahun 2014. 19.

Sarmin, S., Hijrawati, H., Pertiwi, R., Ningsi, C. N., Wulandari, W., & Tosepu, R. (2020). Hubungan Iklim Dengan Penyakit Influenza: Literatur Review. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan, 17(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v17i1.210.

Sarwan, & Nanda Sinta, L. (2014). Pengobatan sendiri (self medication) penyakit maag di Kelurahan Cipedak Kecamatan Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan.

Satgas COVID-19, 2020. (2020). Analisis Data COVID-19 Indonesia Update per 20 Desember 2020. www.covid19.go.id.

Satgas COVID-19, 2021. (2021). Data Sebaran COVID-19. Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran.

Sitindaon, L. A. (2020). Perilaku Swamedikasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 12(2), 787–791. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v12i2.405.

Suherman, H. (2019). Pengaruh Faktor Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Dan Pengetahuan Terhadap Swamedikasi Obat. Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan, 10(2), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.35960/vm.v10i2.449.

Tekeba, A., Ayele, Y., Negash, B., & Gashaw, T. (2021). Extent of and Factors Associated with Self-Medication among Clients Visiting Community Pharmacies in the Era of COVID-19: Does It Relieve the Possible Impact of the Pandemic on the Health-Care System? Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, Volume 14, 4939–4951. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S338590.

Wulandari, A., & Permata, M. A. (2016). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Farmasi ISTN Terhadap Tindakan Swamedikasi Demam. 9, 5.

Yusrizal. (2015). Gambaran Penggunaan Obat Dalam Upaya Swamedikasi Pada Pengunjung Apotek Pandan Kecamatan Jati Agung Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Tahun 2014. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan, Volume 4, No 2.

Zulkarni, Tobat, S. R., & Aulia, S. F. (2019). Perilaku keluarga dalam swamedikasi obat herbal. Jurnal Kesehatan, Volume 10 Nomor 2, 84–88.

DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v19i1.17699

Article Metrics

Abstract view(s): 2049 time(s)
PDF: 4010 time(s)

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.