THE LANGUAGE OF THE BETUNGKAL CEREMONY: AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH
Mark Garner(1*), Iwan Supardi(2)(1) School of Language and Literature, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
(2) School of Language and Literature, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The discourse of ritual may be one of the clearest and most fundamental mani- festations of language in its ecological setting. It simultaneously manifests and re- creates the three dynamic systems of sociality—communication, culture, and com- munity. In this paper we examine the language in betungkal, a traditional anoint- ing ceremony of West Kalimantan. The language is characterized by complex pat- terning, showing by both constant repetition and variation, and thus demonstrates the fundamental processes of predictability and creativity by which every form of linguistic communication operates. It is a paradigmatic example of how language is taught and reinforced, from discourse as embedded in the environment, to a community’s members of whatever age. At the same time it inevitably teaches and reinforces the community’s identity and its cultural values and practices.
Key words: ecological approach, anointing, ritual art, and betungkal.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Collins, James. 2001. “Contesting Straits-Malayness: The fact of Borneo” Journal of South
East Asian Studies 32, pp. 385-395.
Dalton, B. 1995. Indonesia Handbook (6th edn.). California: Moon Publications. Endicott, K.M. 1970. An Analysis of Malay Magic. London: Oxford University Press. Gadamer, Hans-Georg. 1979. Truth and Method. London: Sheed and Ward.
Garner, Mark. 2003. “Between Stagnation and Chaos: Predictability, Creativity, and Meaning in the Language of Poetry”. Journal of Language and Literature 1/1.
Garner, Mark. 2004. Language: An Ecological View. Oxford: Peter Lang.
Garner, Mark. 2005. “Language ecology as linguistic theory”. Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra
/33, pp. 91-99.
Haarmann, H. 1986. Language in Ethnicity. Contributions to the Sociology of Language No.
, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
Harvey, L.C. 1990. “Temporary insanity: fun, games, and transformational ritual in American music videos”. Journal of Popular Culture 24/1, pp. 39-64.
Haugen, Einar, 1972 “The ecology of language” in Dil, A. (ed.) The Ecology of Language: Essays by Einar Haugen Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Hockings, P. (ed.). 1993. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: East and Southeast Asia. Bos- ton, Mass: G.K. Hall
Junus, U. 1983. Dari Peristiwa ke Imajinasi; Wajah Sastra dan Budaya Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.
Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1996. Linguistic Ecology: Linguistic Change and Language Imperial- ism in the Pacific Region. London: Routledge.
Palmer, Richard E. 1969. Hermeneutics. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Putter, A.M. 1996. The Memorial Rituals Book for Healing and Hope. New York: Baywood. Radford, Andrew. 1999. Linguistics: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Yule, George. 1996. The Study of Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Article Metrics
Abstract view(s): 257 time(s)PDF: 153 time(s)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.