STRUKTUR MELODIK BAHASA INDONESIA

Abstract

The study describes the melodic structure of Indonesian language carried out
in two experiments: (1) the productive experiment which is to measure acoustic
features of declarative and interrogative statements and (2) the perceptive experiment,
to measure the sensibility of the Indonesian speakers in listening speech. The
two experiments were conducted by using the approach of experimental and psychoacoustic
phonetics. The result showed that Lindbom’s (1990) hypo-hyper theory
explaining the relation between speech production and perception in communication,
cannot fully be accepted. The first experiment was significant in at least three
acoustic features: fundamental frequency (F0) of the final note peak, of final mark,
and the position of final note peak (Pa) in contour; however, the three parameters
have not necessarily to occur altogether to expect the interrogativeness perception.
The two characteristics of F0: the height of F0 Pa and the final mark should
occur at the same time, whereas the features of final note peak (Pa) was not needed
to expect the interrogativeness perception. In short, the interrogative perception of
speech does not require more complete acoustic features when compared to their
productive parameters.