HATE SPEECH ON SOCIAL MEDIA: WITTGENSTEIN’S LANGUAGE GAMES THEORY

Rizkia Shafarini(1*), Dadan Rusmana(2)

(1) UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
(2) UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

One of the most prevalent concerns on social media is hate speech. Because hate speech is mainly transmitted in text form on social media, linguistic analysis is required to determine the meaning of the hate speech. This study aims to look at the view of hate speech on social media using a literature study technique based on the Wittgenstein language game theory approach. According to Wittgenstein, language does not have a single logical structure but is complicated in its use in human life, which spans a wide range of activities. Previous research has looked at the meaning linked with language use in social media. As Wittgenstein proposes, the finding of the research is That ordinary language collected through social media data may be utilized to offer direct answers to social scientific questions. Online media that allows people to represent themselves and cooperate to share, connect with other users, and form virtual social relationships are referred to as social media. Starting with the presentation of quotes, there will be a "language game" with the concept of "from, by, and for." Finally, the author proposes using two markers to analyze hate speech on social media: typology and message content

Full Text:

PDF

References

Amin, K., Alfarauqi, M. D. A., & Khatimah, K. (2018). Social Media, Cyber Hate, and Racism.

Bachari, A. D. (2019). Analysis of Form and Theme of Hate Speech Against President Joko Widodo on Social Media: A forensic linguistic study.

Barendt, E. (2019). What Is the Harm of Hate Speech? Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 22(3), 539–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-019-10002-0

Bousfield, D., & Locher, M. A. (Ed.). (2008). Impoliteness in Language: Studies on its Interplay with Power in Theory and Practice. De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/9783110208344

Brown, A. (2017). What is Hate Speech? Part 2: Family Resemblances. Law and Philosophy, 36(5), 561–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10982-017-9300-x

Brown, B., McGregor, M., & McMillan, D. (2015). Searchable objects: Search in everyday conversation. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, 508–517.

Burrows, R., & Savage, M. (2014). After the crisis? Big Data and the methodological challenges of empirical sociology. Big Data and Society, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714540280

Butler, J. (1997). Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. Routledge.

Cha, M., Haddadi, H., Benevenuto, F., & Gummadi, K. (2010). Measuring user influence in Twitter: The million follower fallacy. Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media, 4(1).

Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence.

Darmadi, H. (2011). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Alfabeta.

ElSherief, M., Kulkarni, V., Nguyen, D., Wang, W. Y., & Belding-Royer, E. M. (2018). Hate Lingo: A Target-based Linguistic Analysis of Hate Speech in Social Media. ICWSM.

ElSherief, M., Nilizadeh, S., Nguyen, D., Vigna, G., & Belding-Royer, E. M. (2018). Peer to Peer Hate: Hate Speech Instigators and Their Targets. ICWSM.

Fadhilah, R. (2018). Hate speech used by haters in social media. Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Hedges, J., & Lewis, M. (2018). Towards functorial language games. Workshop on Compositional Approaches for Physics, NLP, and Social Sciences (CAPNS), 89–102.

Heverin, T., & Zach, L. (2012). Use of microblogging for collective sense‐making during violent crises: A study of three campus shootings. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(1), 34–47.

Housley, W., Procter, R., Edwards, A., Burnap, P., Williams, M., Sloan, L., Rana, O., Morgan, J., Voss, A., & Greenhill, A. (2014). Big and broad social data and the sociological imagination: A collaborative response. Big Data and Society, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714545135

Isasi, A. C., & Juanatey, A. (2017). Hate speech in social media: a state-of-the-art review.

Kadoum, Y., & Zidani, F. (2021). The Development of Wittgenstein's Logical Analysis of Language: From Ideal Language Theory To Language Games. Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 248–257.

Kaelan, M. S. (2004). Filsafat Analitis Menurut Ludwig Wittgenstein: Relevansinya Bagi Pengembangan Pragmatik. Humaniora, 16(2), 133–146.

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003

McMenamin, G. (2002). Forensic linguistics: Advances in forensic stylistics. CRC Press.

Mulyadi, E., & Gusfa, H. (2019). The Regulation (ITE Law) Socialization and Implementation Model by Kominfo to Mitigate Negative Content on Social Media BT - Proceedings of the First International Conference on Administration Science (ICAS 2019). 474–479. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/icas-19.2019.98.

Richter, F. (2020). Facebook Ramps Up Efforts Against Hate Speech. Statista. https://www.statista.com/chart/21704/hate-speech-content-removed-by-facebook/

Rost, M., Barkhuus, L., Cramer, H., & Brown, B. (2013). Representation and communication: Challenges in interpreting large social media datasets. Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, 357–362.

Tufekci, Z. (2008). Can You See Me Now? Audience and Disclosure Regulation in Online Social Network Sites. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 28(1), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467607311484

Waldron, J. (2012). The Harm in Hate Speech. Harvard University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2jbrjd

Watts, R. J. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615184

Wessells, A. T. (2007). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory by Bruno Latour. International Public Management Journal, 10(3), 351–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967490701515606

Wijana, I. D. P. (2000). Angka, Bilangan dan Huruf dalam Permainan Bahasa. Humaniora, 7(3), 271–277.

Wittgenstein, L. (1958). Philosophical Investigation (2 ed.). Basil Blackwell Ltd.

Yus, F. (2011). Cyberpragmatics: Internet-mediated communication in context. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Zed, M. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Article Metrics

Abstract view(s): 794 time(s)
PDF: 470 time(s)

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.