ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT UP AH PEKERJA SEKTOR INFORMAL DI KOTA SURAKARTA

Anton Agus Setyawan; Mujiyati Mujiyati

doi:10.23917/jep.v7i2.3955

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT UP AH PEKERJA SEKTOR INFORMAL DI KOTA SURAKARTA

Anton Agus Setyawan^(1*), Mujiyati Mujiyati⁽²⁾

(1) Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
(2) Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The development of informal sector in many cities in Indonesia, interests many scholars to analyse it. This research tries to describe and analyse the phenomena of under employment and gender discrimination in the informal sector at Surakarta. The research aims is to analyse the effects of education level, work experience and gender to productivity. The measurement of productivity uses level of income. This research tries to test the model proposed by Mincer (1974) and Jones (2001). The model contains of four variables, they are level of education, work experience and gender as the independent variable, while level of income is the dependent variable. To test our hypotheses we use double log econometric models.

The setting of this research is micro retail entrepreneur or in Indonesia they called PKL. PKL, which become our respondents are those who locate in three PKL centre in Surakarta. Their location at around Monument 45, Manahan Stadium and Kotta Barat field. Our sampling method is purposive-sampling method and we interviewed 100 respondents to complete the data. The result shows that there are no positive correlation between level of education and gender to level of income. While work experience seems to have a positive effect to level of income. It concludes that there is a under employment phenomena in informal sector at Surakarta. While the hypotheses which said that there are gender discrimination is not supported.

Keywords

informal sector; level of education; work experience; level of income

Full Text:

PDF

References

Asian Development Bank (2003), Annual Report, www.adb.org

Bestera, Helmut dan Emmanuel Petrakis (2004), Wages and Productivity Growth in a Dynamic Monopoly, International Journal of Industrial Organization 22, h 83-100.

Boeke, J.H (1953), Economics and Economic Policies of Dual Societies-as Exemplified by Indonesia, New York: Institute of Pacific Relations.

Cooper, Donald A. dan Emory, C. William (1995), Business Research Methods, Fourth Edition, New York: Irwin.

Cooper, Donald P dan P. S. Schindler (2001). Business Research Methods. 7th Edition Boston: McGraw Hill.

Dhanani, Shafiq, (2004), Unemployment and Underemployment in Indonesia, 1976-2000: Paradoxes and Issues, Research Paper, Geneva: International Labour Office.

Feridhanussetyawan, Tubagus, Haryo Aswicahyono dan Ari A. Perdana (2001), Gender Based Wage Discrimination on the Indonesian Labor Market, Mimeo.

Fleisher Belton M dan Xiaojun Wang (2004), Skill Differentials, Return to Schooling, and Market Segmentation in a Transition Economy: The Case of Mainland China, Journal of Development Economics 73, pp 315- 328

Gujarati, Damodar (2003). Basic Econometrics, Boston: McGraw Hill International.

Jolliffe, Dean (2004), the Impact of Education in Rural Ghana: Examining Household Labor Allocation and Returns on and off the Farm, Journal of Development Economics 73, pp 287-314.

Jones, Patricia (2001), Are Educated Workers Really More Productive?, Journal of Development Economics 64, pp 57-79.

Kuncoro, Mudrajad (2000), Ekonomi Pembangunan:, Teori, Masalah dan Kebijakan, Yogyakarta: UPP AMP YKPN.

Kuncoro, Mudrajad (2003), Metode Riset untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi, Yogyakarta: Erlangga.

Levenson, Alec R.dan William F. Maloney (1998), the Informal Sektor, Firm Dynamics and Institutional Participation, Research Paper, World Bank.

Lipsey, Robert E. dan Fredrik Sjoholm (2004), Foreign Direct Investment, Education and Wages in Indonesian Manufacturing, Journal of Development Economics 73, pp.415- 422.

Manasse Paolo, Luca Stanca dan Alessandro Turrini (2004), Wage Premia and Skill Upgrading in Italy: Why Didn't the hound Bark?, Labour Economics 11, h.59-83.

Mincer, J dan Solomon Polanchek (1974), Family Investment in Human Capital: Earning of Woman, Journal of Political Economy 82 No. 2.

Mincer, J, (1974), Schooling, Experience and Earnings, New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

Oey-Gardiner, Mayling (2002), Pekerja Rumahan di Indonesia dalam 80 tahun Mohammad Sadli, Ekonomi Indonesia di Era Politik Baru, M. Ikhsan, C. Manning dan H. Soesastro (ed), Kompas, Jakarta.

Pelkowski, Jodi Messer dan Mark C. Berger (2004), The Impact of Health on Employment, Wages, and Hours Worked over the Life Cycle, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 44, h 102-121.

Ramstetter Eric D. (2004), Labor Productivity, Wages, Nationality, and Foreign Ownership Shares in Thai Manufacturing, 1996-2000, Journal of Asian Economics 14, pp 861-884.

Sadli, Mohammad (1957), Some Reflections on Prof. Boeke's Theory of Dualistic Economies", Ekonomi dan Keuangan Indonesia, Desember, pp 363-384.

Wiebe, Frank (1996), Income Insecurity and Underemployment in Indonesia's Informal Sector, Policy Research Working Paper, World Bank.

World Bank (1999), Annual Report, www. worldbank.org.

DOI: 10.23917/jep.v7i2.3955