Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Gagal Jantung: A Narrative Review Article (Improved Quality of Life in Heart Failure Patients: A Narrative Review Article)

Hemi Nursita(1*), Arum Pratiwi(2),

(1) Muhammadiyah Surakarta University
(2) Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/bik.v13i1.11916

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Gagal jantung merupakan penyakit kardiovaskuler yang mengakibatkan tingginya angka mortalitas, morbiditas, dan berdampak secara finansial. Pengalaman pasien gagal jantung menunjukkan sikap yang beragam dalam melaksanakan perawatan mandiri. Pentingnya perawatan mandiri yang dilakukan oleh pasien merupakan faktor pendukung dalam proses pengobatan, lingkungan sosial seperti keluarga dan masyarakat juga memiliki peran penting untuk meningkatkan motivasi bagi pasien selain informasi yang didapatkan dari pelayanaan kesehatan. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengambarkan perawatan diri yang dapat dilakukan pada pasien gagal jantung untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penelusuran artikel publikasi dari Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, SAGE Journal, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan untuk pencarian studi literatur adalah “kualitas hidup”, “pasien gagal jantung”, dan “perawatan diri”. Jangka waktu dalam pencarian artikel ini adalah dari tahun 2015 sampai 2020. Hasil Penelitian: Kualitas hidup dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, derajat NYHA, dan manajemen diri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara perawatan diri dengan peningkatan kualitas hidup. Perawatan diri yang dapat dilakukan pada pasien gagal jantung antara lain teratur minum obat, olahraga secara rutin, dan menurunkan konsumsi garam dalam diet. Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan kualitas hidup pada pasien gagal jantung yang melakukan perawatan diri secara mandiri. Pasien gagal jantung perlu diberikan metode perawatan diri yang beragam, agar kualitas hidup pasien gagal jantung dapat meningkat sehingga pasien memiliki harapan hidup yang lebih baik.
(Introduction: Heart failure is a cardiovascular disease that results in high mortality, morbidity, and has a financial impact. The experiences of heart failure patients show various attitudes in carrying out self-care. The importance of independent care carried out by patients is a supporting factor in the treatment process, the social environment such as family and society also has an important role in increasing motivation for patients in addition to information obtained from health services. This literature study aims to describe self-care that can be done in patients with heart failure to improve their quality of life. Methods: This research was conducted through searching published articles from Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, SAGE Journal, and Google Scholar. The keywords used for the literature study search were “quality of life”, “heart failure patients”, and “self-care”. The timeframe in which this article was searched was from 2015 to 2020. Research Results: Quality of life is influenced by several factors, including age, gender, education, occupation, NYHA degree, and self-management. This study shows a relationship between self-care and improved quality of life. Self-care that can be done in patients with heart failure includes taking medication regularly, exercising regularly, and reducing salt consumption in the diet. Conclusion: There is an improvement in the quality of life in heart failure patients who perform self-care independently. Heart failure patients need to be given a variety of self-care methods, so that the quality of life for heart failure patients can improve so that patients have a better life expectancy).

Keywords

Keperawatan; UMS; Nursing

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References

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