MEMBENTUK KREATIVITAS DALAM DUNIA KERJA

Zainal Abidin Marasabessy(1*)

(1) 
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan konsep tentang apa itu kreativitas dan menganalisis proses-proses upaya pembentukan kreativitas di dalam dunia perkerja sehingga organisasi mampu melihat dan memperhatikan hal tersebut untuk menghasilkan kreativitas. Dengan adanya kreativitas organisasi maupun individu mampu bersaing di dunia pekerjaan. Untuk menganalisis konsep kreativitas dan cara meningkatkan kreativitas itu sendiri dideskripsikan dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis faktor pendukung kreativitas. Faktor-faktor yang dianalisis berpotensi meningkatkan kreativitas antara lain peran dari dukungan pimpinan, dukungan rekan kerja, efikasi diri kreatif, autonomi kerja, motivasi intrinsik, dan gaya kognitif. Sehingga faktor-faktor pendukung tersebut secara signifikan dapat menghasilkan kreativitas pekerja dalam suatu pekerjaan.

Keywords

Kreativitas, Dunia Kerja, Faktor Pendukung

Full Text:

PDF

References

Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Amabile, T. M., Conti, R., Coon, H., Lazenby, J., dan Herron, M. (1996). Assessing the work environment for creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 1154–1184.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84: 191-215.

Carmeli, Abraham & Schaubroeck, John. 2007. The influence of leaders' and other referents' normative expectations on individual involvement in creative work. The Leadership Quarterly. 18 (2007): 35–48.

Cools, Eva., & Broeck, Herman Van Den. (2007). Development and validation of the cognitive style indicator. The Journal of Psychology, 141(4): 359-387.

Cummings, A., & Oldham, G. R. (1997). Enhancing creativity: Managing work contexts for the high potential employee. California Management Review, 40: 22–38.

Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1987). The Support of autonomy and the the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53: 1024-1037.

Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The General Causality Orietnations Scale: Self Determination in Personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109-134.

Dewett, T. (2007). Linking Intrinsic Motivation, Risk Taking, and Employee Creativity in and R&D environment. R&D Management, 37(3), 197-208.

Dodd, N. G., & Ganster, D. C. (1996). The interactive effect of variety, autonomy, and feed back on attitude and performance. Journal of organizational Behavior. 17: 329- 347.

Eisenberger R., Huntington R., Hutchison S., & Sowa D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500.

Ford. C. M. (1996). A theory of individual creative action in multiple social domain. Academy of Management Journal, 21: 1112-1142.

George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2002). Understanding when bad moods foster creativity and good ones don’t: The role of context and clarity of feelings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87: 687–697.

Gist, M. E., & Mitchell, T. R. (1992). Self efficacy: a theoretical analysis of its determinant and malleability. Academy of Management Review, 17: 183-211.

Joo, B.K., McLean, G. N., & Yang, B. (2013). Creativity and Human Resource Development: An Integrative Literature Review and a Conceptual Framework for Future Research. Human Resource Development Review, 12: 390-421.

Langfred, C.W., & Moye, N.A. (2004). Effects of task autonomy on performance: An extended model considering motivational, informational, and structural mechanisms. Journal of Applied Psychology, 6: 934-945.

Lopez-Cabrale, A., Perez-Luno, A.and Canrera, R. V. 2009.Knowledge as a mediator between HRM practices and innovative activity.Human Resource Management.48: 485–503.

Kirton, M. J. 1994. Adaptors and innovators (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

Kirton, M. (1976). Adaptors and innovators: A description and measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61: 622–629.

Madjar, N. (2005). The contribution of different groups of individual to employees’ creativity. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7: 183-206.

Madjar, N. (2008). Emotional and informational support from different sources and employee creativity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81: 83-100.

Madjar, N., Oldham, G. R., & Pratt, M. G. (2002). There’s no place like home? The contributions of work and nonwork creativity support to employees’ creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45: 757–767.

Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 607–634.

Park, R., & Searcy, D. (2012). Job autonomy as a predictor of mental well-being: The moderating role of quality-competitive environment. Journal Business Psychology, 27:305–316.

Paulus, P.B., & Yang, H. (2000). Idea generation in groups: a basis for creativity in organization. Organization Behavior and Human Decision Process, 82: 76-87.

Ramus, C. A., & Steger, U. (2000). The role of supervisory support behaviors and environmental policy in employee ecoinitiatives. Academy of Management Journal, 43: 605-626.

Rice, R., & Ayudin, C. (1991). Attitudes toward new organizational technology: network proximity as a mechanism for social information processing. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 219-244.

Rousseau, Vincent., Salek, Salwa., Aube, Caroline., & Morin, Estelle M. (2009). Distributive justice, procedural justice, and psychological distress: The moderating effect of coworker support and work autonomy. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14: 305–317.

Schepers, Paul., & Van Den Berg, Peter T. (2007). Social Factors Of Work-Environment Creativity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 2 : 407-428

Shalley, C. E., & Gilson, L. L. (2004). What leaders need to know: A review of social and contextual factors that can foster or hinder creativity. Leadership Quarterly, 15: 33–53.

Shalley, C. E., Gilson, L. L., & Blum, T. C. (2009). Interactive effects of growth need strength, work context, and job complexity on self-reported creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52: 489-505.

Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here? Journal of Management, 30: 933–958.

Shin, S., & Zhou, J. (2003). Transformational leadership, concervation, and creativity: Evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal, 46: 703-714.

Shin, Shung.J., Kim, Tae-Yeol., Lee, Jeong-Lee.and Bian, Lian. 2012. Cognitive team diversity and individual team member creativity: a cross-lever interaction. Academy of Management Journal. 55(1): 197–212.

Taggar, S. (2002). Individual creativity and group ability to utilize individual creative resources: A multilevel model. The Academy of Management Journal, 45: 315-330.

Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. (2002). Creative self-efficacy: Potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45: 1137–1148.

Tierney, P., Farmer, S. M., & Graen, G. B. (1999). An examination of leadership and employee creativity: The relevance of traits and relations. Personnel Psychology, 52, 591–620.

Utman, C. H. (1997). Performance Effects of Motivational State: A Meta-Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1(2), 170-182.

Wang, A. C., & Cheng, B. S. (2010). When does benevolent leadership lead to creativity ? The moderating role of creative role identity and job autonomy. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31: 106-121.

Zhou, J. (1998). Feedback valence, feedback style, task autonomy, and achievement orientation: Interactive effects on creative performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83: 261–276.

Zhou, J. (2003). When the presence of creative cowokers is related to creativity: Role of supervisor close monitoring, developmental feedback, and creative personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88: 413-422.

Zhou, J., & George, J. M. (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 682–696.

Article Metrics

Abstract view(s): 659 time(s)
PDF: 3238 time(s)

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.